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Fiber optic origin and evolution

The history of fiber optic communication is relatively short. In 1977 , a test system was installed in England; Two years later, significant quantities of orders for this material were already produced.
Earlier, in 1959 , as a derivation of studies in physics focused on optics, a new use of light was discovered, which was called a laser beam, which was applied to telecommunications in order for messages to be transmitted to unusual speeds and wide coverage.
However, this use of the laser was very limited because there were no suitable conduits and channels to travel the electromagnetic waves caused by the rain of photons originating from the source called laser.
It was then that scientists and technicians specialized in optics directed their efforts to the production of a duct or channel, known today as the optical fiber. In 1966 , the proposal to use an optical guide for communication emerged.
This way of using light as an information carrier can be explained as follows: It is actually an electromagnetic wave of the same nature as radio waves, with the only difference that the wavelength is of the order of micrometers instead of meters or centimeters.
The concept of lightwave communications has been known for many years.
However, it was not until the mid-1970s that the results of the theoretical work were published. These indicated that it was possible to rely on a light beam in a flexible transparent fiber and thus provide an optical analog of the signaling by wires electronically.
The technical problem that had to be solved for the advance of the optical fiber lay in the fibers themselves, which absorbed light that hindered the process. For practical communication, the optical fiber must transmit detestable light signals for many kilometers.
Ordinary glass has a light beam of a few meters. New very pure glasses have been developed with much greater transparency than ordinary glass.
 These glasses began to be produced in the early seventies. This breakthrough gave impetus to the fiber optic industry. Lasers or light emitting diodes were used as a light source in the fiber optic cables. Both have to be miniaturized for fiber optic system components, which has required considerable research and development.
Lasers generate intense "coherent" light that remains on an extremely narrow path. The diodes emit "incoherent" light that is neither strong nor concentrated. What should be used depends on the technical requirements to design the given fiber optic circuit.

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